Phase separation in genome organization across evolution

Phase separation is emerging as a paradigm to explain the self-assembly and organization of membraneless bodies in the cell. Recent advances show that this principle also extends to nucleoprotein complexes, including DNA-based structures. We discuss here recent observations on the role of phase separation in genome organization across the evolutionary spectrum from bacteria to mammals. These findings suggest that molecular interactions amongst DNA-binding proteins evolved to form a variety of biomolecular condensates with distinct material properties that affect genome organization and function. We suggest that phase separation contributes to genome organization across evolution and that the resulting phase behavior of genomes may underlie regulatory mechanisms and disease.

Automated summary

Phase separation is now a known paradigm to explain self-assembly and organization of membraneless bodies in cells, extending to nucleoprotein complexes like DNA-based structures. Recent observations point to molecular interactions forming biomolecular condensates with distinct properties that affect genome organization and function. The resulting phase behavior of genomes through evolution may play a role in regulatory mechanisms and diseases.