Long Noncoding RNA Fos Downstream Transcript Is Developmentally Dispensable but Vital for Shaping the Poststroke Functional Outcome

Background and Purpose: Stroke induces the expression of several long noncoding RNAs in the brain. However, their functional significance in poststroke outcome is poorly understood. We recently observed that a brain-specific long noncoding RNA called Fos downstream transcript (FosDT) is induced rapidly in the rodent brain following focal ischemia. Using FosDT knockout rats, we presently evaluated the role of FosDT in poststroke brain damage. Methods: FosDT knockout rats were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing on a Sprague-Dawley background. Male and female FosDT(-/-) and FosDT(+/+) cohorts were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Postischemic sensorimotor deficits were evaluated between days 1 and 7 and lesion volume on day 7 of reperfusion. The developmental expression profile of FosDT was determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction and mechanistic implications of FosDT in the ischemic brain were conducted with RNA-sequencing analysis and immunostaining of pathological markers. Results: FosDT expression is developmentally regulated, with the adult cerebral cortex showing significantly higher FosDT expression than neonates. FosDT(-/-) rats did not show any anomalies in growth and development, fertility, brain cytoarchitecture, and cerebral vasculature. However, when subjected to transient focal ischemia, FosDT(-/-) rats of both sexes showed enhanced sensorimotor recovery and reduced brain damage. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that improved poststroke functional outcome in FosDT(-/-) rats is partially associated with curtailed induction of inflammatory genes, reduced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Conclusions: Our study shows that FosDT is developmentally dispensable, mechanistically important, and a functionally promising target to reduce ischemic brain damage and facilitate neurological recovery.

Automated summary

The brain-specific long noncoding RNA called Fos downstream transcript (FosDT) is rapidly induced in the brain following focal ischemia. Knockout rats lacking FosDT show enhanced sensorimotor recovery and reduced brain damage post-stroke. Improved outcomes in FosDT(-/-) rats are associated with reduced inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.