期刊
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 118, 期 -, 页码 14-23出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.017
关键词
Cortex; Development; NG2 glia; Myelin; Oligodendrocyte; Motor function; Cognition; Learning; Neuronal activity; Nodal plasticity; Periaxonal plasticity
资金
- Medical Research Future Fund, Australia [EPCD0000008]
- Australian Research Council [DP180101494]
Oligodendrocytes play a crucial role in adding myelin sheaths to neurons, supporting axon health, and modulating neuronal function throughout cortical development and adulthood. They also have a lifelong impact on learning and memory, highlighting the importance of myelination in sustaining neural circuits and functions.
During cortical development and throughout adulthood, oligodendrocytes add myelin internodes to glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic inhibitory neurons. In addition to directing node of Ranvier formation, to enable saltatory conduction and influence action potential transit time, oligodendrocytes support axon health by communicating with axons via the periaxonal space and providing metabolic support that is particularly critical for healthy ageing. In this review we outline the timing of oligodendrogenesis in the developing mouse and human cortex and describe the important role that oligodendrocytes play in sustaining and modulating neuronal function. We also provide insight into the known and speculative impact that myelination has on cortical axons and their associated circuits during the developmental critical periods and throughout life, particularly highlighting their life-long role in learning and remembering.
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