期刊
出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015579118
关键词
diversity; predator; toxin; transcriptomics; diet breadth
资金
- NSF [DUE 1161228, DEB 1638879, DEB 1822417, DEB 1145978, DEB 1638902, DEB 1638872, PRFB 1711141]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo Grant [2015/50127-5]
- Fundacao de Amparo a` Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (PRO-ESTADO)
- Clemson University
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [247437]
- Prairie Biotic Research Inc.
- Sigma Xi Grants in Aid of Research
- SnakeDays Research Grant
- Southwestern Association of Naturalists McCarley Research Grant
- Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund through the American Museum of Natural History
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH [P20GM109094]
In a study of front-fanged venomous snakes in North America, it was found that prey phylogenetic diversity is more strongly correlated to venom complexity, indicating that the evolution of complexity is influenced by prey divergence. The results suggest that the diversity of species in an ecological community is more important than their overall number in determining evolutionary patterns in predator trait complexity.
The role of natural selection in the evolution of trait complexity can be characterized by testing hypothesized links between complex forms and their functions across species. Predatory venoms are composed of multiple proteins that collectively function to incapacitate prey. Venom complexity fluctuates over evolutionary timescales, with apparent increases and decreases in complexity, and yet the causes of this variation are unclear. We tested alternative hypotheses linking venom complexity and ecological sources of selection from diet in the largest clade of front-fanged venomous snakes in North America: the rattlesnakes, copperheads, cantils, and cottonmouths. We generated independent transcriptomic and proteomic measures of venom complexity and collated several natural history studies to quantify dietary variation. We then constructed genome-scale phylogenies for these snakes for comparative analyses. Strikingly, prey phylogenetic diversity was more strongly correlated to venom complexity than was overall prey species diversity, specifically implicating prey species? divergence, rather than the number of lineages alone, in the evolution of complexity. Prey phylogenetic diversity further predicted transcriptomic complexity of three of the four largest gene families in viper venom, showing that complexity evolution is a concerted response among many independent gene families. We suggest that the phylogenetic diversity of prey measures functionally relevant divergence in the targets of venom, a claim supported by sequence diversity in the coagulation cascade targets of venom. Our results support the general concept that the diversity of species in an ecological community is more important than their overall number in determining evolutionary patterns in predator trait complexity.
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