期刊
PARASITES & VECTORS
卷 14, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04676-8
关键词
Aedes japonicus japonicus; Introduction; Invasive mosquito; Population genetics; Temporal changes; Microsatellites; Nad4 haplotypes
资金
- Flemish regional government
- Walloon regional government
- Brussels regional government
- Federal Public Service (FPS) Public Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment in the context of the National Environment and Health Action Plan (NEHAP) (Belgium)
- Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO)
- Department of Economy, Science and Innovation of the Flemish government
Genetic variation of Aedes japonicus japonicus populations in Belgium and Germany was investigated, showing differences before and after elimination campaigns in Natoye. Specimens collected after 2017 displayed increased genetic diversity, suggesting new introductions. A relation with the western German population was found at the Belgian border.
BackgroundAedes japonicus japonicus has expanded beyond its native range and has established in multiple European countries, including Belgium. In addition to the population located at Natoye, Belgium, locally established since 2002, specimens were recently collected along the Belgian border. The first objective of this study was therefore to investigate the origin of these new introductions, which were assumed to be related to the expansion of the nearby population in western Germany. Also, an intensive elimination campaign was undertaken at Natoye between 2012 and 2015, after which the species was declared to be eradicated. This species was re-detected in 2017, and thus the second objective was to investigate if these specimens resulted from a new introduction event and/or from a few undetected specimens that escaped the elimination campaign.MethodsPopulation genetic variation at nad4 and seven microsatellite loci was surveyed in 224 and 68 specimens collected in Belgium and Germany, respectively. German samples were included as reference to investigate putative introduction source(s). At Natoye, 52 and 135 specimens were collected before and after the elimination campaign, respectively, to investigate temporal changes in the genetic composition and diversity.ResultsAt Natoye, the genotypic microsatellite make-up showed a clear difference before and after the elimination campaign. Also, the population after 2017 displayed an increased allelic richness and number of private alleles, indicative of new introduction(s). However, the Natoye population present before the elimination programme is believed to have survived at low density. At the Belgian border, clustering results suggest a relation with the western German population. Whether the introduction(s) occur via passive human-mediated ground transport or, alternatively, by natural spread cannot be determined yet from the dataset.ConclusionFurther introductions within Belgium are expected to occur in the near future, especially along the eastern Belgian border, which is at the front of the invasion of Ae. japonicus towards the west. Our results also point to the complexity of controlling invasive species, since 4 years of intense control measures were found to be not completely successful at eliminating this exotic at Natoye.
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