4.6 Article

Synthesis of Rovafovir Etalafenamide (Part I): Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Process Development, Scale-Up, and Impurity Control Strategy

期刊

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
卷 25, 期 5, 页码 1215-1236

出版社

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00059

关键词

antiviral; nucleotide analog; HIV; simulated moving bed chromatography; impurity control strategy

向作者/读者索取更多资源

This manuscript details the chemical process development and multi-kilogram synthesis of rovafovir etalafenamide, a phosphonamidate prodrug nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor for HIV-1 treatment. Strategies for impurity control and improving reaction steps were explored, resulting in the development of a chromatography-free approach and discovery of new crystalline intermediate forms. The processes were successfully executed on a large scale to produce API for clinical studies.
This manuscript describes the chemical process development and multi-kilogram synthesis of rovafovir etalafenamide (GS-9131), a phosphonamidate prodrug nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Rovafovir etalafenamide is assembled in a four-step sequence beginning from the nucleoside core and an elaborated phosphonamidate alcohol. The assembly starts with a decarboxylative elimination of a beta-hydroxyacid to yield the corresponding cyclic enol ether, which is subsequently coupled to a functionalized phosphonamidate alcohol in an iodoetherification reaction. Oxidative syn elimination then installs the required fluoroalkene, after which a final deprotection reaction yields the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Understanding the genesis, fate, and purge of the des-fluoro analog of the API, a mitochondrial toxin, proved to be a central driver in the development of the manufacturing route and impurity control strategy. Initial control strategies revolved around the use of silica gel chromatography or simulated moving bed chromatography to purge the des-fluoro impurity to an acceptable level, but ultimately a chromatography-free approach to mitigate the formation of this impurity was devised that expanded manufacturing flexibility. Design of experiments was used to improve the iodoetherification fragment coupling reaction and to reduce the level of the des-fluoro impurity formed in this step. Furthermore, several new crystalline intermediate forms were discovered and implemented as isolation points to bolster the overall impurity control strategy for standard, diastereomeric, and potentially mutagenic impurities as well as for the des-fluoro impurity. These processes were executed on multi-kilogram scale to produce API for clinical studies.

作者

我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。

评论

主要评分

4.6
评分不足

次要评分

新颖性
-
重要性
-
科学严谨性
-
评价这篇论文

推荐

暂无数据
暂无数据