期刊
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
卷 231, 期 1, 页码 60-74出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17383
关键词
Arabidopsis thaliana; biofuel crops; lignin; mediator; Medicago truncatula; metabolic engineering; suppressor mutation; transcriptomics
资金
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), a US Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Research Center - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science
Lignin, a major component of plant cell walls, plays a crucial role in plant defense and structural integrity. However, genetic modification of lignin biosynthesis can lead to unexpected dwarf phenotypes in plants. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including transcriptional reprogramming and growth-defense trade-offs, but a commonly accepted mechanism is still lacking.
As a major component of plant secondary cell walls, lignin provides structural integrity and rigidity, and contributes to primary defense by providing a physical barrier to pathogen ingress. Genetic modification of lignin biosynthesis has been adopted to reduce the recalcitrance of lignified cell walls to improve biofuel production, tree pulping properties and forage digestibility. However, lignin-modification is often, but unpredictably, associated with dwarf phenotypes. Hypotheses suggested to explain this include: collapsed vessels leading to defects in water and solute transport; accumulation of molecule(s) that are inhibitory to plant growth or deficiency of metabolites that are critical for plant growth; activation of defense pathways linked to cell wall integrity sensing. However, there is still no commonly accepted underlying mechanism for the growth defects. Here, we discuss recent data on transcriptional reprogramming in plants with modified lignin content and their corresponding suppressor mutants, and evaluate growth-defense trade-offs as a factor underlying the growth phenotypes. New approaches will be necessary to estimate how gross changes in transcriptional reprogramming may quantitatively affect growth. Better understanding of the basis for yield drag following cell wall engineering is important for the biotechnological exploitation of plants as factories for fuels and chemicals.
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