期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 505, 期 4, 页码 5603-5653出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab1310
关键词
hydrodynamics; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: gaseous planets
资金
- FWO [G086217N]
- DFG [CA 1795/3]
- CNRS/INSU Programme National de Planetologie (PNP)
- CNES
- Spanish MICIU [RyC-2014-16277, AYA2016-75066-C2-1-P, PID2019-106110GB-I00, PID2019-107115GB-C21]
- European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [832428]
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)
- Flemish Government - department EWI
This study investigates the impact of horizontal and vertical mixing on the chemistry of atmospheres of synchronously rotating exoplanets, revealing different chemical abundance distribution patterns at different temperatures. The research also highlights the influence of planetary rotation rate on climate and molecular abundances, affecting the transmission spectrum.
The atmospheres of synchronously rotating exoplanets are intrinsically 3D, and fast vertical and horizontal winds are expected to mix the atmosphere, driving the chemical composition out of equilibrium. Due to the longer computation times associated with multidimensional forward models, horizontal mixing has only been investigated for a few case studies. In this paper, we aim to generalize the impact of horizontal and vertical mixing on the chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres over a large parameter space. We do this by applying a sequence of post-processed forward models for a large grid of synchronously rotating gaseous exoplanets, where we vary the effective temperature (between 400 and 2600 K), surface gravity, and rotation rate. We find that there is a dichotomy in the horizontal homogeneity of the chemical abundances. Planets with effective temperatures below 1400 K tend to have horizontally homogeneous, vertically quenched chemical compositions, while planets hotter than 1400 K exhibit large compositional day-night differences for molecules such as CH4. Furthermore, we find that the planet's rotation rate impacts the planetary climate, and thus also the molecular abundances and transmission spectrum. By employing a hierarchical modelling approach, we assess the relative importance of disequilibrium chemistry on the exoplanet transmission spectrum, and conclude that the temperature has the most profound impact. Temperature differences are also the main cause of limb asymmetries, which we estimate could be observable with the James Webb Space Telescope. This work highlights the value of applying a consistent modelling setup to a broad parameter space in exploratory theoretical research.
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