The Impacts of Crystalline Structure and Different Surface Functional Groups on Drug Release and the Osseointegration Process of Nanostructured TiO2

In implantable materials, surface topography and chemistry are the most important in the effective osseointegration and interaction with drug molecules. Therefore, structural and surface modifications of nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers are reported in the present work. In particular, the modification of annealed TiO2 samples with -OH groups and silane derivatives, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is shown. Moreover, the ibuprofen release process was studied regarding the desorption-desorption-diffusion (DDD) kinetic model. The results proved that the most significant impact on the release profile is annealing, and further surface modifications did not change its kinetics. Additionally, the cell adhesion and proliferation were examined based on the MTS test and immunofluorescent staining. The obtained data showed that the proposed changes in the surface chemistry enhance the samples' hydrophilicity. Moreover, improvements in the adhesion and proliferation of the MG-63 cells were observed.

Automated summary

This study emphasizes the importance of surface topography and chemistry in implantable materials for effective osseointegration and drug interaction. The research focuses on surface modifications of annealed TiO2 samples with -OH groups and silane derivatives, confirming their impact on drug release kinetics. The findings demonstrate that annealing significantly affects release profiles, while further modifications do not alter kinetics. Moreover, changes in surface chemistry enhance hydrophilicity and improve cell adhesion and proliferation, as observed with MG-63 cells.