Performance Evaluation of SimPET-X, a PET Insert for Simultaneous Mouse Total-Body PET/MR Imaging

Purpose In this study, a small animal PET insert (SimPET-X, Brightonix Imaging Inc.) for simultaneous PET/MR imaging studies is presented. This insert covers an 11-cm-long axial field-of-view (FOV) and enables imaging of mouse total-bodies and rat heads. Procedures SimPET-X comprises 16 detector modules to yield a ring diameter of 63 mm and an axial FOV of 110 mm. The detector module supports four detector blocks, each comprising two 4 x 4 SiPM arrays coupled with a 20 x 9 array of LSO crystals (1.2 x 1.2 x 10 mm(3)). The physical characteristics of SimPET-X were measured in accordance with the NEMA NU4-2008 standard protocol. In addition, we assessed the compatibility of SimPET-X with a small animal-dedicated MRI (M7, Aspect Imaging) and conducted phantom and animal studies. Results The radial spatial resolutions at the center based on 3D OSEM without and with the warm background were 0.73 mm and 0.99 mm, respectively. The absolute peak sensitivity of the system was 10.44% with an energy window of 100-900 keV and 8.27% with an energy window of 250-750 keV. The peak NECR and scatter fraction for the mouse phantom were 348 kcps at 26.2 MBq and 22.1% with an energy window of 250-750 keV, respectively. The standard deviation of pixel value in the uniform region of an NEMA IQ phantom was 4.57%. The spillover ratios for air- and water-filled chambers were 9.0% and 11.0%, respectively. In the hot-rod phantom image reconstructed using 3D OSEM-PSF, all small rods were resolved owing to the high spatial resolution of the SimPET-X system. There was no notable interference between SimPET-X and M7 MRI. SimPET-X provided high-quality mouse images with superior spatial resolution, sensitivity, and counting rate performance. Conclusion SimPET-X yielded a remarkably improved sensitivity and NECR compared with SimPET(TM).

Automated summary

SimPET-X is a small animal PET insert designed for simultaneous PET/MR imaging, providing high sensitivity and NECR for imaging mouse total-bodies and rat heads with superior spatial resolution. No interference between SimPET-X and M7 MRI was observed, and the system showed improved performance compared to previous models.