期刊
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
卷 38, 期 7, 页码 2818-2830出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab072
关键词
phylogenetics; zoonosis; herpesvirus; molecular clock; ape
资金
- United States National Institutes of Health (NIAID) [R21AI115701, R01AI135992]
- German Research Council [LE1813/14-1]
- Max Planck Society
- Max Planck Society Innovation Fund
Research discovered that herpes simplexviruses from African apes are more closely related to HSV-2, indicating a potential shared evolutionary event between humans and gorillas. Through molecular clock-based hypothesis testing, multiple cross-species transmission events were identified, with the most recent one occurring between humans and bonobos.
Viruses closely related to human pathogens can reveal the origins of human infectious diseases. Human herpes simplexvirus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are hypothesized to have arisen via host-virus codivergence and crossspecies transmission. We report the discovery of novel herpes simplexviruses during a large-scale screening of fecal samples from wild gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, contrary to expectation, simplexviruses from these African apes are all more closely related to HSV-2 than to HSV-1. Molecular clock-based hypothesis testing suggests the divergence between HSV-1 and the African great ape simplexviruses likely represents a codivergence event between humans and gorillas. The simplexviruses infecting African great apes subsequently experienced multiple cross-species transmission events over the past 3 My, the most recent of which occurred between humans and bonobos around 1 Ma. These findings revise our understanding of the origins of human herpes simplexviruses and suggest that HSV-2 is one of the earliest zoonotic pathogens.
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