Direct and indirect effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are highly influenced by changes in the microbiota and of microbiota-derived metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives. This review will discuss the effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation driven by central nervous system-resident cells and peripheral immune cells, and their influence on outcomes of EAE and MS. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Institut Pasteur. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

The microbiota and its metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives, play a significant role in influencing multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), impacting neuroinflammation driven by central nervous system-resident cells and peripheral immune cells and influencing outcomes of EAE and MS.