High chemokine ligand 11 levels in nasal lavage fluid: A potential predictor of and therapeutic target for murine eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis

Aim: We aimed to discover whether group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and cytokines in nasal lavage fluid could be used to predict eosinophilic infiltration in mice with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS). Methods: Ten mice were divided into two groups. The ECRS group received an intranasal challenge of Aspergillus oryzae protease (AP) and ovalbumin (OVA) to establish disease. A control group received intranasal phosphate-buffered saline. Histopathology of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, and cytokine and ILC2s levels in nasal lavage fluid were analyzed and compared between the ECRS and control mouse groups. Key findings: ILC2s numbers were not significantly higher in the nasal lavage fluid of the ECRS group mice compared with those of the control group. Eotaxin/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11) levels were significantly higher in the nasal lavage fluid of mice in the ECRS group compared with those in the control group. However, no statistical differences were seen in the classic proinflammatory cytokines, IL-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal thymopoietin (TSLP), or the classic type 2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 between groups. Significance: Eotaxin/CCL11 levels in nasal lavage fluid rather than that of ILC2s and classic proinflammatory and type 2 cytokines were significantly higher in ECRS mice compared with control ones. Eotaxin/CCL11 showed diagnostic and therapeutic value; however, more studies are needed to test and verify its value.

Automated summary

The study found significantly higher levels of Eotaxin/CCL11 in the nasal lavage fluid of ECRS mice compared to the control group, showing diagnostic and therapeutic value. However, there were no significant differences in ILC2s and classic cytokines between the groups.