期刊
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
卷 490, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229515
关键词
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Membrane electrode assembly (MEA); Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR); Hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR); Carbon support; Electrocatalysis
资金
- Innovation Team of Universities of Guangdong Province [2020KCXTD011]
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies [2018B030322005]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [22025501, 21872038, 21733003, 51773042, 51973040]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2020YFB1505803, 2017YFA0207303]
The fuel cell community has made a concerted effort to develop high activity oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts in order to reduce platinum group metal (PGM) content in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, beyond just ORR mass activity, challenges include kinetic limitations in the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at the anode and transport limitations related to ionomer/catalyst interactions at the cathode. The critical role of the carbon support in these interactions has been revealed, emphasizing the importance of rational carbon structure design.
In an effort to reduce the platinum group metal (PGM) content in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to a value comparable with conventional vehicles, a concerted global effort over the past decade has been made by the fuel cell community to develop high activity oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. However, as PGM loadings in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) decrease below 0.125 mg/cm(2), it has become clear that ORR mass activity is just one of the challenges which must be overcome. At the anode, it appears that a kinetic limitation may have been reached and new research may now be required to develop hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts with higher turnover frequencies vs. conventional Pt. At the cathode, transport limitations have been uncovered which are related to ionomer/catalyst interactions. Recently, the critical role of the carbon support (used to disperse the PGM catalyst) on these ionomer/catalyst interactions has been revealed. Thus, rational design of carbon structures either through modification of commercial carbons or design of completely new structures, is now of utmost importance. The challenges and discoveries related to these concepts are critically analyzed in this review, along with suggestions for future research directions to help overcome the remaining hurdles.
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