Growth outcomes of small for gestational age preterm infants before and after implementation of an exclusive human milk-based diet

Objective Small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants (PT) are at greatest risk for growth failure. Our objective was to assess the impact of an exclusive human milk diet (HUM) on growth velocities and neonatal morbidities from birth to discharge in a SGA population. Study design Multicenter, retrospective cohort study, subgroup analysis of SGA PT comparing a cow's milk diet (CMD) with HUM diet. Results At birth 420 PT were classified as SGA (197 CMD group, 223 HUM group). Demographics and anthropometric measurements were similar. HUM group PT showed improvement in length Z score at discharge (p = 0.024) and reduction in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (p = 0.004). Conclusion SGA PT fed a HUM diet had significantly decreased incidence of NEC, surgical NEC, and late-onset sepsis. Due to concerns about growth in a HUM diet, it is reassuring SGA infants fed the HUM diet had similar growth to CMD diet with trends toward improvement.

Automated summary

Exclusive human milk diet was associated with improved growth and reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in small for gestational age preterm infants.