期刊
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
卷 102, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MICROBIOLOGY SOC
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001584
关键词
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; coronavirus; mutant; adaptation; pandemic
资金
- BBSRC [BB/R013071/1, BB/K002465/1, BB/S008292/1]
- MRC Discovery Medicine North (DiMeN) Doctoral Training Partnership [MR/N013840/1]
- US Food and Drug Administration contract [75F40120C00085]
- Wellcome Trust [205100]
SARS-CoV-2 virus is believed to have originated from animals and can cause a range of outcomes in humans, from asymptomatic cases to COVID-19. Over a year into the pandemic, the virus continues to mutate, driven by factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions, which may impact its transmissibility and pathogenicity.
SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have originated in the human population from a zoonotic spillover event. Infection in humans results in a variety of outcomes ranging from asymptomatic cases to the disease COVID-19, which can have significant morbidity and mortality, with over two million confirmed deaths worldwide as of January 2021. Over a year into the pandemic, sequencing analysis has shown that variants of SARS-CoV-2 are being selected as the virus continues to circulate widely within the human population. The predominant drivers of genetic variation within SARS-CoV-2 are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) caused by polymerase error, potential host factor driven RNA modification, and insertion/deletions (indels) resulting from the discontinuous nature of viral RNA synthesis. While many mutations represent neutral 'genetic drift' or have quickly died out, a subset may be affecting viral traits such as transmissibility, pathogenicity, host range, and antigenicity of the virus. In this review, we summarise the current extent of genetic change in SARS-CoV-2, particularly recently emerging variants of concern, and consider the phenotypic consequences of this viral evolution that may impact the future trajectory of the pandemic.
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