Mechanisms of Gegen Qinlian Pill to ameliorate irinotecan-induced diarrhea investigated by the combination of serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional Chinese medicine suggests the use of natural extracts and compounds is a promising strategy to prevent irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gut toxicity and resulting diarrhea. Previous work from our lab indicated the protective effect of Gegen Qinlian decoction; given this, we further speculated that Gegen Qinlian Pill (GQP) would exhibit similar therapeutic effects. The effective material basis as well as potential mechanisms underlying the effect of GQP for the treatment of CPT-11-induced diarrhea have not been fully elucidated. Aim of the study: The application of natural extracts or compounds derived from Chinese medicine is deemed to a promising strategy to prevent irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gut toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigated the beneficial effects of GQP on CPT-11-induced gut toxicity and further explored its anti-diarrheal mechanism. Methods: First, the beneficial effect of GQP in alleviating diarrhea in mice following CPT-11 administration was investigated. We also obtained the effective ingredients in GQP from murine serum samples using HPLC-Q-TOFMS analysis. Based on these active components, we next established an interaction network linking compoundtarget-pathway. Finally, a predicted mechanism of action was obtained using in vivo GQP validation based on Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Results: A total of 19, GQP-derived chemical compounds were identified in murine serum samples. An interaction network linking compound-target-pathway was then established to illuminate the interaction between the components present in serum and their targets that mitigated diarrhea. These results indicated GQP exerted a curative effect on diarrhea and diarrhea-related diseases through different targets, which cumulatively regulated inflammation, oxidative stress, and proliferation processes. Conclusion: Taken together, this study provides a feasible strategy to elucidate the effective constituents in traditional Chinese medicine formulations. More specifically, this work detailed the basic pharmacological effects and underlying mechanism behind GQP's effects in the treatment of CPT-11-induced gut toxicity.

Automated summary

This study investigates the beneficial effects of Gegen Qinlian Pill (GQP) in treating irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gut toxicity and diarrhea. Through identifying 19 GQP-derived chemical compounds in murine serum samples and establishing an interaction network, it is found that GQP exerts curative effects on diarrhea through regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and proliferation processes via different targets. This provides insights into the pharmacological effects and mechanisms underlying GQP's treatment of CPT-11-induced gut toxicity.