Chromium contamination and effect on environmental health and its remediation: A sustainable approaches

Chromium (Cr) is a trace element critical to human health and well-being. In the last few decades, its contamination, especially hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] form in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, has amplified as a result of various anthropogenic activities. Chromium pollution is a significant environmental threat, severely impacting our environment and natural resources, especially water and soil. Excessive exposure could lead to higher levels of accumulation in human and animal tissues, leading to toxic and detrimental health effects. Several studies have shown that chromium is a toxic element that negatively affects plant metabolic activities, hampering crop growth and yield and reducing vegetable and grain quality. Thus, it must be moni-tored in water, soil, and crop production system. Various useful and practical remediation technologies have been emerging in regulating chromium in water, soil, and other resources. A sustainable remediation approach must be adopted to balance the environment and nature.

Automated summary

Chromium is a critical trace element for human health, but contamination, particularly in the form of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], has increased in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to anthropogenic activities. Excessive exposure to chromium can lead to toxic health effects in humans and animals, while pollution negatively affects plant metabolic activities, reducing crop quality. Monitoring and implementing remediation technologies is essential to balance the environment and nature.