期刊
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
卷 74, 期 8, 页码 491-495出版社
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207115
关键词
diagnosis; urologic neoplasms; urologic diseases; pathology; molecular; male urogenital diseases
类别
Dysregulation of FGFR pathway is associated with urothelial carcinoma, with common activating somatic mutations of FGFR3 clustered in three hotspots. The FDA approved the first targeted FGFR therapy, erdafitinib, for locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer patients who have progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy, marking a significant milestone in the treatment of this disease.
Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) has been implicated in several human malignancies, including urothelial carcinoma. In urothelial carcinoma, the oncogenic role of mutated FGFR is mediated by the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, resembling the effects observed with activated HRAS. Activating somatic mutations of FGFR3 are clustered in three hotspots in exons 7, 10 and 15, and are almost always missense mutations leading to amino acid substitution in the external, transmembrane or intracellular regions of the receptor. A fusion of FGFR3 to transforming acid coiled-coil containing protein 3, FGFR3 amplification and alternative splicing leading to aberrant FGFR3 activation are less common molecular alterations. In April 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first targeted FGFR therapy, erdafitinib, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer who have progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy. Herein, we reviewed the normal structure and function of FGFR. We also explored its role in the development of urothelial carcinoma and major developments in the FGFR-targeted therapy.
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