期刊
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
卷 134, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255653
关键词
Leukocytes; Transendothelial migration; Endothelium; Transmigration; Hotspots; Pericytes; Extravasation; Adhesion
类别
资金
- ZonMW NWO Vici grant [91819632]
Leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) during inflammation involves several established steps, such as rolling, adhesion, crawling, diapedesis, and sub-endothelial crawling. Factors like chemokine cues, adhesion molecules, membrane protrusions, and physical factors contribute to the formation of transmigration hotspots where leukocytes exit the vasculature.
During inflammation, leukocytes circulating in the blood stream exit the vasculature in a process called leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM). The current paradigm of this process comprises several well-established steps, including rolling, adhesion, crawling, diapedesis and sub-endothelial crawling. Nowadays, the role of the endothelium in transmigration is increasingly appreciated. It has been established that leukocyte exit sites on the endothelium and in the pericyte layer are in fact not random but instead may be specifically recognized by migrating leukocytes. Here, we review the concept of transmigration hotspots, specific sites in the endothelial and pericyte layer where most transmigration events take place. Chemokine cues, adhesion molecules and membrane protrusions as well as physical factors, such as endothelial junction stability, substrate stiffness, the presence of pericytes and basement membrane composition, may all contribute to local hotspot formation to facilitate leukocytes exiting the vasculature. In this Review, we discuss the biological relevance of such hotspots and put forward multiple mechanisms and factors that determine a functional TEM hotspot.
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