Diversity and functional characterization of endophytic Methylobacterium isolated from banana cultivars of South India and its impact on early growth of tissue culture banana plantlets

Aims This study aimed at determining the distribution, colonization and growth promoting nature of Methylobacterium spp. in tissue culture banana plantlets. Methods and Results Leaf samples from different field grown banana cultivars were used for Methylobacterium spp., isolation. Metabolic profile and functional characterization for plant growth-promoting traits of the isolates were assessed. The isolates were confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, which resulted in six distinct species of Methylobacterium namely M. radiotolerans, M. salsuginis, M. thiocyanatum, M. rhodesianum, M. rhodinum and M. populi. Methylobacterium spp. inoculation experiment was conducted under hydroponic system in tissue culture banana plantlets (germ free) with eight selected isolates. A significant increase in growth parameters of Methylobacterium treated plantlets compared to uninoculated control was observed. Methylobacterium salsuginis TNMB03-gfp29 was developed and colonization micrograph was obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy in different parts of banana plantlets (root, stem and leaves). Conclusion Field grown banana plants found to harbour diverse endophytic Methylobacterium population. Our finding suggests that endophytic Methylobacterium species may provide significant plant growth promoting compounds/nutrients to the banana plants. The experimental results demonstrated the efficacy of Methylobacterium spp. as a potential bioinoculant and can be exploited as a phyllosphere and rhizosphere based bioinoculant for the initial establishment and growth of tissue culture banana plantlets. Significance and Impact of the Study This study extended our knowledge on the distribution of Methylobacterium spp. in banana plants and endophytic colonization nature of this particular genus in plants. In addition, efficient isolate (M. salsuginis TNMB03) identified in this study may be promoted as bio-inoculants for banana plants after field evaluation.

Automated summary

This study aimed to investigate the distribution, colonization, and growth-promoting nature of Methylobacterium spp. in tissue culture banana plantlets. It identified six distinct species of Methylobacterium and found that inoculation with these bacteria led to significant growth improvement in banana plantlets. The study highlights the potential of Methylobacterium spp. as bioinoculants for promoting plant growth and initial establishment of tissue culture banana plantlets.