期刊
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
卷 69, 期 19, 页码 5559-5572出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01548
关键词
apple; metabolomics; proteomics; transcriptomics; carbohydrates; flavonoids; amino acids
资金
- Special Fund for the National Key R&D Program of China [2016YFD0201100]
- National Key R&D Program of China Technology Boosts Economy 2020 [2020YFF0426464]
- China Agriculture Research System [CARS-27]
- Taishan Scholar Assistance Program from Shandong Provincial Government [TSPD20181206]
The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in Chinese apple production was found to decrease the content of soluble sugar and flavonoids in fruits, leading to poor fruit quality. High nitrogen levels also altered the nitrogen, carbon content, and C/N ratio of apple fruits. The study revealed that high nitrogen inhibited the accumulation of carbohydrates and flavonoids in fruits, and promoted the synthesis of amino acids using more carbon skeletons. This insight provides new understanding on the effects of high nitrogen on fruit quality.
Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is common in Chinese apple production. High N reduced the contents of soluble sugar and total flavonoids by 16.05 and 19.01%, respectively, resulting in poor fruit quality. Moreover, high N increased the total N and decreased the total C and C/N ratio of apple fruits. On the basis of the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses, the global network was revealed. High N inhibited the accumulation of carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and trehalose) and flavonoids (rhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, and trihydroxyisoflavone-7-O-galactoside) in fruits, and more C skeletons were used to synthesize amino acids and their derivatives (especially low C/N ratio, e.g., arginine) to be transferred to N metabolism. This study revealed new insights into the decline in soluble sugar and flavonoids caused by high N, and hub genes (MD07G1172700, MD05G1222800, MD16G1227200, MD01G1174400, and MD02G1207200) and hub proteins (PFK, gapN, and HK) were obtained.
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