Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Using Bone and Eggshell Mixture as a Catalyst

Reuse of waste such as eggshells and animal bones as a catalyst to convert waste cooking oil into biodiesel fuel was investigated. A mixture of bone and eggshell waste (50:50) was used as a catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Different calcination temperatures have been investigated for the catalyst and the highest production of biodiesel was found at 900 degrees C. The experimental results showed that a methanol/oil ratio of 15:1, a mixture of bone and eggshell catalyst (900 degrees C, 2 h) of 12 wt.%, a reaction temperature of 60 degrees C gave a biodiesel yield of 94% at 4 h. The effects of calcination temperature and catalyst leaching were examined. The catalysts were characterized by x-ray diffraction, N-2 adsorption-desorption, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry.

Automated summary

The study explored the conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using a mixture of bone and eggshell waste as a catalyst. Results showed a biodiesel yield of 94% under optimal conditions. Characterization of the catalysts was carried out using various techniques.