期刊
INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS OF IMMUNOLOGY
卷 41, 期 4, 页码 448-463出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1925267
关键词
Immunosenescence; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Influenza; vaccine; virus-like particle; memory cells; hemagglutinin
类别
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 susceptibility is influenced by age and health status, with a challenge in inducing effective immune responses in elderly populations. While the stalk domain of spike protein plays a minor role in viral neutralization, mutations in the receptor-binding domain may reduce vaccine efficacy across ages. A proposal for chimeric vaccines combining multiple proteins aims at addressing these challenges.
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease susceptibility varies depending on the age and health status of an individual. Currently, there are more than 140 COVID-19 vaccines under development. However, the challenge will be to induce an effective immune response in the elderly population. Analysis of B cell epitopes indicates the minor role of the stalk domain of spike protein in viral neutralization due to low surface accessibility. Nevertheless, the accumulation of mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) might reduce the vaccine efficacy in all age groups. We also propose the concept of chimeric vaccines based on the co-expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike and influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix protein 1 (M1) proteins to generate chimeric virus-like particles (VLP). This review discusses the possible approaches by which influenza-specific memory repertoire developed during the lifetime of the elderly populations can converge to mount an effective immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the possibilities of designing single vaccines for COVID-19 and influenza.
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