An ensemble learning model for asphalt pavement performance prediction based on gradient boosting decision tree

This paper proposes an ensemble learning model that deploys a Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) to predict two relevant functional indices, the International roughness index (IRI) and the rut depth (RD), considering multiple influence factors. To train and validate the proposed models, more than 1600 different records were extracted from Long-Term Pavement Performance database. The most suitable hyper parameters for the GBDT model are determined through a grid search and 5-fold cross-validation. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the final input variables among the initial considered factors. Further, the optimized models utilise SHAP (Shapley Additive explanation) to interpret the results and analyse the importance of influencing factors. Finally, a comparison experiment with reference artificial intelligence approaches demonstrates that, the GBDT model can outperform the artificial neural network (ANN) and the random forest regression (RFR) methods in terms of quality of prediction results, reaching a coefficient of determination (R-2) equal to 0.9. The proposed model can provide more precise pavement performance values and may be useful for providing accurate reference for pavement maintenance and optimising the available budget for road administrations.

Automated summary

This paper introduces an ensemble learning model utilizing Gradient Boosting Decision Tree to predict rut depth and International Roughness Index, determines optimal hyperparameters through grid search and cross-validation, interprets model results and importance of factors using SHAP, and outperforms other AI methods in prediction quality, providing practical applications for pavement maintenance and budget optimization.