期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073722
关键词
angiogenesis; gene therapy; stem cells; extracellular vesicles; clinical trials; bioengineering
资金
- NHLBI of the National Institutes of Health [1R01HL133624, R01HL128831, R01HL46716]
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death globally, with new therapeutic approaches showing limited success in clinical practice. Challenges in patient selection, endpoint measurements, comorbidities, and delivery systems persist, but the field of therapeutic angiogenesis is evolving with novel strategies and bioengineering approaches emerging.
Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death worldwide, with ischemic heart disease as the most significant contributor. Pharmacological and surgical interventions have improved clinical outcomes, but are unable to ameliorate advanced stages of end-heart failure. Successful preclinical studies of new therapeutic modalities aimed at revascularization have shown short lasting to no effects in the clinical practice. This lack of success may be attributed to current challenges in patient selection, endpoint measurements, comorbidities, and delivery systems. Although challenges remain, the field of therapeutic angiogenesis is evolving, as novel strategies and bioengineering approaches emerge to optimize delivery and efficacy. Here, we describe the structure, vascularization, and regulation of the vascular system with particular attention to the endothelium. We proceed to discuss preclinical and clinical findings and present challenges and future prospects in the field.
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