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Islet Regeneration: Endogenous and Exogenous Approaches

期刊

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073306

关键词

diabetes; pancreas; islet; beta cell; regeneration

资金

  1. NIH [R01 DK082590, R01 DK111405, R01 DK118155, P30 DK116073, R01 DK126360, U01 DK127505]

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This article reviews endogenous mechanisms of beta cell regeneration in steady state, stress, and disease; efforts to stimulate endogenous regeneration and transdifferentiation; and exogenous methods of beta cell generation and transplantation.
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by a progressive loss of beta cell mass that contributes to impaired glucose homeostasis. Although an optimal treatment option would be to simply replace the lost cells, it is now well established that unlike many other organs, the adult pancreas has limited regenerative potential. For this reason, significant research efforts are focusing on methods to induce beta cell proliferation (replication of existing beta cells), promote beta cell formation from alternative endogenous cell sources (neogenesis), and/or generate beta cells from pluripotent stem cells. In this article, we will review (i) endogenous mechanisms of beta cell regeneration during steady state, stress and disease; (ii) efforts to stimulate endogenous regeneration and transdifferentiation; and (iii) exogenous methods of beta cell generation and transplantation.

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