期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084000
关键词
classic drugs of abuse; new psychoactive substances (NPS); novel synthetic opioids (NSO); urine; liquid chromatography; high-resolution mass spectrometry; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
资金
- European Commission under the Call JUST-2017-AG-DRUG SUPPORTING INITIATIVES IN THE FIELD OF DRUGS POLICY) Topic: JUST-2017-AG-DRUG
- Type of action: JUSTDRUGS-AG [806996-JUSTSO]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Fondo de Investigacion en Salud (FIS)-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) [FIS PI14/00715, FIS PI17/01962]
- ISCIII-Red de Trastornos Adictivos RTA Grant [RD16/0017/0003, RD16/0017/0010]
- AGAUR Gencat Suport Grups de Recerca [2017 SGR 316, 2017 SGR 530]
The study utilized high-sensitivity GC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS technologies to analyze classic drugs and new psychoactive substances in the urine of heroin addicts under methadone maintenance therapy. Around 80 different psychoactive substances and/or metabolites were identified, with methadone and its metabolites being the most prevalent. This screening for a large number of psychotropic substances could be beneficial in suspected drug-related fatalities or acute intoxications in emergency departments and drug addiction services.
The use of the new psychoactive substances is continuously growing and the implementation of accurate and sensible analysis in biological matrices of users is relevant and fundamental for clinical and forensic purposes. Two different analytical technologies, high-sensitivity gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) were used for a screening analysis of classic drugs and new psychoactive substances and their metabolites in urine of formed heroin addicts under methadone maintenance therapy. Sample preparation involved a liquid-liquid extraction. The UHPLC-HRMS method included Accucore (TM) phenyl Hexyl (100 x 2.1 mm, 2.6 mu m, Thermo, USA) column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of mobile phase A (ammonium formate 2 mM in water, 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (ammonium formate 2 mM in methanol/acetonitrile 50:50 (v/v), 0.1% formic acid) and a full-scan data-dependent MS2 (ddMS2) mode for substances identification (mass range 100-1000 m/z). The GC-MS method employed an ultra-Inert Intuvo GC column (HP-5MS UI, 30 m, 250 mu m i.d, film thickness 0.25 mu m; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and electron-impact (EI) mass spectra were recorded in total ion monitoring mode (scan range 40-550 m/z). Urine samples from 296 patients with a history of opioid use disorder were examined. Around 80 different psychoactive substances and/or metabolites were identified, being methadone and metabolites the most prevalent ones. The possibility to screen for a huge number of psychotropic substances can be useful in suspected drug related fatalities or acute intoxication/exposure occurring in emergency departments and drug addiction services.
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