期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063119
关键词
polymorphonuclear neutrophil; neutrophil extracellular trap (NET); ectosome; exosome; low-density granulocyte; polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC); antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); trogocytosis; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
资金
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital [V109C-041, V110C-046]
- Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 107-2314-B-075-051-MY3]
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are not only professional phagocytic and acute inflammatory cells, but also exhibit many important biological functions, such as cytokine production, exosome release, and modulation of immune responses in surrounding cells.
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are traditionally regarded as professional phagocytic and acute inflammatory cells that engulf the microbial pathogens. However, accumulating data have suggested that PMNs are multi-potential cells exhibiting many important biological functions in addition to phagocytosis. These newly found novel activities of PMN include production of different kinds of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)/ectosomes/exosomes and trogocytosis (membrane exchange) with neighboring cells for modulating innate, and adaptive immune responses. Besides, PMNs exhibit potential heterogeneity and plasticity in involving antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), cancer immunity, autoimmunity, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, PMNs may also play a role in ameliorating inflammatory reaction and wound healing by a subset of PMN myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC). Furthermore, PMNs can interact with other non-immune cells including platelets, epithelial and endothelial cells to link hemostasis, mucosal inflammation, and atherogenesis. The release of low-density granulocytes (LDG) from bone marrow initiates systemic autoimmune reaction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In clinical application, identification of certain PMN phenotypes may become prognostic factors for severe traumatic patients. In the present review, we will discuss these newly discovered biological and pathobiological functions of the PMNs.
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