期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062950
关键词
antioxidants; lipid peroxidation; oxidative stress; plastochromanol; quinols; reactive oxygen species; signaling pathways; tocochromanols; tocopherols
资金
- Sonata grant from National Science Centre [UMO-2015/19/D/NZ9/00060]
- Tango grant from the National Centre for Research and Development [TANGO-IV-A/0017/2019-00]
- EU [POWR.03.02.00-00-I004/16]
Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, act as efficient antioxidants protecting membranes and storage lipids from oxidative stress. Plants are vulnerable to oxidative damage due to oxygenic photosynthesis generating ROS and the photosynthetic electron transfer chain as a source of ROS. Plastidic antioxidants play a crucial role in preventing oxidative stress under various stress factors, while also contributing to physiological processes through redox signaling.
Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O-2 formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling.
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