期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062973
关键词
tryptophan; serotonin; kynurenine; kynurenic acid; quinolinic acid; gut microbiota; inflammation; cerebrovascular disease; anxiety; depression; inflammatory bowel disease
资金
- [R01DK109560C]
- [R01AI154630-01]
Tryptophan is crucial for protein synthesis and neurotransmitter production, impacting emotional regulation and nervous system development. Dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism contributes to various neurological and psychiatric disorders. The influence of gut microbes on tryptophan metabolism is being explored as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions.
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid critical for protein synthesis in humans that has emerged as a key player in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is the only precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is vital for the processing of emotional regulation, hunger, sleep, and pain, as well as colonic motility and secretory activity in the gut. Tryptophan catabolites from the kynurenine degradation pathway also modulate neural activity and are active in the systemic inflammatory cascade. Additionally, tryptophan and its metabolites support the development of the central and enteric nervous systems. Accordingly, dysregulation of tryptophan metabolites plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Gut microbes influence tryptophan metabolism directly and indirectly, with corresponding changes in behavior and cognition. The gut microbiome has thus garnered much attention as a therapeutic target for both neurologic and psychiatric disorders where tryptophan and its metabolites play a prominent role. In this review, we will touch upon some of these features and their involvement in health and disease.
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