期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094912
关键词
α 7 nicotinic receptors; acetylcholine; glial cells; neuroinflammation; metabotropic signalling
资金
- Ateneo Sapienza Funds
Neurological pathologies lead to neuroinflammation, which can exacerbate neuronal and glial cell damage. Targeting neuroinflammation may reduce brain injury and rescue neuronal and glial cell functions.
All nervous system pathologies (e.g., neurodegenerative/demyelinating diseases and brain tumours) develop neuroinflammation, a beneficial process during pathological events, aimed at removing damaged cells, toxic agents, and/or pathogens. Unfortunately, excessive inflammation frequently occurs during nervous system disorders, becoming a detrimental event capable of enhancing neurons and myelinating glial cell impairment, rather than improving their survival and activity. Consequently, targeting the neuroinflammation could be relevant for reducing brain injury and rescuing neuronal and glial cell functions. Several studies have highlighted the role of acetylcholine and its receptors in the regulation of central and peripheral inflammation. In particular, alpha 7 nicotinic receptor has been described as one of the main regulators of the brain cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Its expression in astrocytes and microglial cells and the ability to modulate anti-inflammatory cytokines make this receptor a new interesting therapeutic target for neuroinflammation regulation. In this review, we summarize the distribution and physiological functions of the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor in glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and its role in the modulation of neuroinflammation. Moreover, we explore how its altered expression and function contribute to the development of different neurological pathologies and exacerbate neuroinflammatory processes.
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