期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073566
关键词
gut microbiome; type 2 diabetes mellitus; metformin; dysbiosis
资金
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Education [2018R1A6A1A03025108]
- Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) - Ministry of Health Welfare [HF20C0002]
- Catholic University of Korea
Recent studies have identified the gut microbiome as a potential target of metformin in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, revealing dysbiosis in T2DM patients and alterations in metformin-treated patients. Potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome have been suggested, including regulation of glucose metabolism and modulation of immune response, with evidence from both rodent and human studies.
Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.
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