Eating disorder symptomatology in transgender patients: Differences across gender identity and gender affirmation

Objective Past studies have reported high rates of eating disorder (ED) symptomatology among transgender people, yet without consideration of gender affirmation. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between gender identity, gender affirming interventions such as gender affirming hormones (GAH) and gender affirming surgeries (GAS), and ED symptomatology. Method Transgender patients at a primary care outpatient gender health program in the United States completed a survey consisting of demographics, medical history, and clinical variables, including the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Multivariate analyses of covariance were conducted to compare EDE-Q scores across gender identity and gender affirmation. Results Compared to transgender men (n = 79), transgender women (n = 87) reported higher EDE-Q scores and significantly higher Eating Concern. Compared to hormone/surgery-naive and hormone-experienced/surgery-naive patients, hormone/surgery-experienced patients had lower EDE-Q scores. Hormone/surgery-experienced patients reported significantly lower Shape Concern and marginally lower Global Score and Weight Concern than hormone-experienced/surgery-naive patients. There were no differences in EDE-Q scores between hormone/surgery-naive and hormone-experienced/surgery-naive patients. Discussion Transgender patients report high levels of ED symptomatology. There are subtle, yet important, differences in ED between gender identities and gender affirmations. High ED prevalence may result from the dual pathways of sociocultural pressures as well as gender dysphoria. Both GAH and GAS may be effective interventions to support gender affirmation and thereby alleviate ED symptomatology. While the potential positive benefits of GAS on ED are more apparent, the effects of GAH are less clear.

Automated summary

This study found that transgender women reported higher rates of eating disorder symptoms compared to transgender men, and patients who had experienced gender affirming hormones and surgeries had lower symptomatology. Sociocultural pressures and gender dysphoria may contribute to the high prevalence of eating disorders among transgender individuals, with gender affirming interventions potentially alleviating symptoms.