Influence of silver diamine fluoride on the adhesive properties of interface resin-eroded dentin

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on resin-eroded dentin bond strength (mu TBS) and the in-situ degree of conversion (DC) for universal adhesives, and the chemical/morphological changes induced by SDF. Materials and methods: One hundred ten extracted molars were randomly assigned to 12 experimental groups: (1) SDF (eroded dentin [ED] without SDF, treatment with either 12% SDF [ED + 12%SDF], 38% SDF [ED + 38% SDF] or 38% SDF without iodide potassium [KI] [ED + 38% SDF Without KI]); (2) adhesive systems (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive); (3) adhesive strategies (etch-and-rinse [ER] and self etch [SE]). After restoration, the specimens were sectioned into resin-dentin sticks and the mu TBS was evaluated. Selected sticks were used for DC evaluation via micro-Raman. The dentin-etching patterns and chemical/ morphological changes induced by SDF were examined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX-SEM). Data from the mu TBS and DC tests for each adhesive were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). Results: The application of SDF resulted in a higher mu TBS compared to without SDF. However, a statistically significant difference was observed only when 38% SDF was applied (p 0.001). The application of SDF did not significantly influence the mean DC for both adhesive systems (p 0.61). EDX-SEM indicated the presence of silver ions in addition to calcium mineral deposition after SDF application. Additionally, the silver crystal deposition was found in the adhesive/hybrid layer, independent of the SDF concentration. No significant differences was observed when 38% SDF was applied with or without KI. Conclusion: The application of SDF to universal adhesives in the ER and SE modes may be a viable alternative to increasing the bonding to eroded dentin without jeopardizing the DC.

Automated summary

The study found that the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can increase the resin-eroded dentin bond strength without significantly affecting the in-situ degree of conversion for universal adhesives. SDF has an impact on the chemical/morphological changes in dentin and adhesive/hybrid layer, with a more significant effect observed at 38% SDF concentration.