期刊
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
卷 42, 期 11, 页码 3643-3655出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25459
关键词
aged; brain; child; data anonymization; humans; longitudinal studies; magnetic resonance imaging; privacy; reproducibility of results; young adult
资金
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [024.001.003]
- U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH12-2-0012]
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Transition Therapeutics
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
- Servier
- Piramal Imaging
- Pfizer Inc.
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
- Neurotrack Technologies
- NeuroRx Research
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.
- Merck Co., Inc.
- Lundbeck
- Lumosity
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC.
- Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC.
- IXICO Ltd.
- GE Healthcare
- Fujirebio
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
- Genentech, Inc.
- EuroImmun
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Cogstate
- Eisai Inc.
- CereSpir, Inc.
- Biogen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
- BioClinica, Inc.
- Araclon Biotech
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation
- AbbVie
- Alzheimer's Association
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Institute on Aging
- Department of Defense [W81XWH-12-2-0012]
- National Institutes of Health [U01 AG024904]
The study evaluated three methods for de-identifying MRI brain scans containing privacy-sensitive information, finding that Face Masking and FSL defacing potentially impacted brain voxels in younger participants, while FreeSurfer defacing left brain tissue intact. The regional brain measures from de-identified scans were highly replicable across different age groups, with small systematic biases that occasionally resulted in significantly different brain measures. Overall, visual differences between de-identification methods minimally affected the reliability of brain measures.
Surface rendering of MRI brain scans may lead to identification of the participant through facial characteristics. In this study, we evaluate three methods that overwrite voxels containing privacy-sensitive information: Face Masking, FreeSurfer defacing, and FSL defacing. We included structural T1-weighted MRI scans of children, young adults and older adults. For the young adults, test-retest data were included with a 1-week interval. The effects of the de-identification methods were quantified using different statistics to capture random variation and systematic noise in measures obtained through the FreeSurfer processing pipeline. Face Masking and FSL defacing impacted brain voxels in some scans especially in younger participants. FreeSurfer defacing left brain tissue intact in all cases. FSL defacing and FreeSurfer defacing preserved identifiable characteristics around the eyes or mouth in some scans. For all de-identification methods regional brain measures of subcortical volume, cortical volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness were on average highly replicable when derived from original versus de-identified scans with average regional correlations >.90 for children, young adults, and older adults. Small systematic biases were found that incidentally resulted in significantly different brain measures after de-identification, depending on the studied subsample, de-identification method, and brain metric. In young adults, test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were comparable for original scans and de-identified scans with average regional ICCs >.90 for (sub)cortical volume and cortical surface area and ICCs >.80 for cortical thickness. We conclude that apparent visual differences between de-identification methods minimally impact reliability of brain measures, although small systematic biases can occur.
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