The struggle towards a Universal Definition of Heart failure-how to proceed?

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure

Biykem Bozkurt et al.

Summary: This document proposes a universal definition of heart failure as a clinical syndrome and revised stages of HF, as well as a new classification based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) levels. The classification includes HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF, and HFimpEF based on LVEF percentages.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure

Biykem Bozkurt et al.

Summary: This document proposes a universal definition, revised stages, and new classification of heart failure based on left ventricular ejection fraction. The classification includes HF with reduced, mildly reduced, preserved, and improved ejection fraction, each with specific LVEF thresholds.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems