期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
卷 28, 期 33, 页码 45253-45265出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13793-x
关键词
Microcystis aeruginosa; Artemisinin; Death mode; Necrosis-like; Microcystin-LR
资金
- Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [51779079, 51979137]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20181313]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
- Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (TAPP)
The research demonstrated that artemisinin inhibited the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, leading to cell death and increased release of microcystin-LR.
To investigate the effects of an allelochemical artemisinin extracted from Artemisia annua (A. annua) on cell growth, death mode, and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) changes of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), a series of morphological and biochemical characteristics were studied. The results showed that artemisinin could inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa and reduce the content of phycobiliprotein. Under the allelopathy of artemisinin, algae cells deformed due to swelling, which caused cell membranes to rupture and cell contents to leak. FDA/PI double-staining results showed that 15.10-94.90% of algae cells experienced the death mode of necrosis-like. Moreover, there were 8.35-14.50% of algae cells undergoing programmed cell death, but their caspase-3-like protease activity remained unchanged, which may mean that algae cells were not experiencing caspase-dependent apoptosis under artemisinin stress. Attacked by artemisinin directly, both intracellular and extracellular MC-LR increased sharply with the upregulation of mcyB, mcyD, and mcyH. The upregulation multiple of mcyH suggested that M. aeruginosa could accelerate transportation of algal toxin under adverse conditions of artemisinin. Artemisinin not only can inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa but it also causes the accelerated release and increase of microcystin-LR. These imply that the application of artemisinin should be reconsidered in practical water bodies.
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