Heart failure subtypes: Pathophysiology and definitions

The diagnosis of heart failure is classified in two main types depending on left ventricular ejection fraction usually by ejection fraction < or > 40%. The division has important impli-cations for the treatment of heart failure. Type 2 diabetes is an important and common co-morbidity in chronic heart failure. It makes the prognosis of heart failure worse and chronic heart failure impacts the choice of treatment for type 2 diabetes. (c) 2021 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Automated summary

The diagnosis of heart failure is categorized into two main types based on left ventricular ejection fraction, which has significant implications for treatment. Type 2 diabetes is a common and important comorbidity in chronic heart failure, affecting prognosis and treatment decisions.