Low-dimensional nanomaterials enabled autoimmune disease treatments: Recent advances, strategies, and future challenges

Nanomaterials are playing an advancing critical role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of today's human problems. By engineering with multi-active probes including biocompatible molecules, drugs, and target ligands, nanomaterials are able to inhibit or enhance the immune responses and prevent the detection ability of the immune system, thus treating autoimmune diseases. The present discussion systematically reviews the recent progress to treat autoimmune inflammation using nanomaterials of 0D, 1D, 2D, and composite systems. In addition, emphasis has laid on the using of nanomaterials-based immunotherapeutic strategies and the related autoimmune pathogenesis. Briefly discussions on current challenges and speculates on future directions have been provided to complement our drawbacks of present treatments on the basis of fascinating nanomaterials and novel nanotechnologies. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Nanomaterials are increasingly important in preventing, diagnosing, and treating human problems, particularly autoimmune diseases. By using multi-functional probes, nanomaterials can enhance immune responses and interfere with the detection ability of the immune system, ultimately treating autoimmune inflammation. Research emphasizes the application of nanomaterials and immunotherapeutic strategies in autoimmune diseases.