Histomorphometric analysis of implant osseointegration using hydrophilic implants in diabetic rats

Objectives To evaluate peri-implant bone formation of titanium implants using an in vivo rat model with and without uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) to evaluate osseointegration of hydrophobic (Neoporos (R)) and hydrophilic (Acqua (R)) surfaces. Materials and methods 54 rats were divided into two groups: DM group (DMG) (streptozotocin-induced diabetes) and a control group (CG). Implants with hydrophobic (Neoporos (R)) and hydrophilic surfaces (Acqua (R)) were placed in the left or right tibia of animals. Animals were further divided into three groups (n = 9) euthanized after 7, 14, or 28 days. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were assessed in total, cortical, and medullary areas. Results The DMG group, after a 7-day healing period, yielded with the Acqua implants presented significantly higher total BIC (+37.9%; p=0.03) and trabecular BIC (%) (+46.3%; p=0.02) values in comparison to the Neoporos implants. After 28 days of healing, the CG yielded that the cortical BAFO of Acqua implants to be significantly, 14%, higher (p=0.04) than Neoporos implants. Conclusion The positive effects of the Acqua surface were able to counteract the adverse impact of uncontrolled DM at early osseointegration periods. After 28 days in vivo, the metabolic systemic impairment caused by DM overcame the surface treatment effect, leading to impaired osseointegration in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic implants.

Automated summary

This study evaluated peri-implant bone formation of titanium implants using an in vivo rat model with and without uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The results showed that the hydrophilic surface was able to counteract the adverse effects of diabetes at early osseointegration periods, but the metabolic systemic impairment caused by diabetes overcame the surface treatment effect after 28 days, leading to impaired osseointegration in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic implants.