Stabilizing LiNi0.8Co0.15Mn0.05O2 Cathode by Doping Sulfate for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Residual sulfate (SO42-) in precursor Ni0.8Co0.15Mn0.05(OH)(2) (pre-NCM) is commonly regarded as being harmful to Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Mn0.05]O-2 (NCM) performance, leading to significant performance losses and also hampering the electrode fabrication. Therefore, manufacturers try their best to lower sulfate contents in pre-NCM. However, how the sulfate affects the cathode materials is not systematically studied. To address these issues, NCM was synthesized with different amounts of intentionally added sulfate (NH4)(2)SO4 in pre-NCM. It was demonstrated that anionic SO42- doped in NCM could influence the grain size in sintering process and stabilize the layer structure during the charge-discharge process at a certain doping amount. The first-principles calculations suggested that the SO42- doped in the transition metal layer could effectively facilitate Li+ diffusion in the lattice. SO42- doping could reduce the energy barrier for Li+ migration and then suppress drastic contraction of the c axis during cycling. The phase transition of H2 to H3 caused by c axis contraction was suppressed and the cycling performance was enhanced. The capacity retention could reach 80.9 (0.2 C) and 80.4 % (1 C) after 380 and 240 cycles in coin cells, respectively. These findings illustrate that a certain amount of sulfate could be beneficial to NCM cathodes.

Automated summary

Sulfate doping in NCM can influence grain size and stabilize layer structure, facilitating Li+ diffusion and reducing c-axis contraction during cycling, thus enhancing cycling performance.