Water flushing irremovable biofilms on support material in dynamic membrane bioreactor: Formation, composition, and microbial community

Dynamic membrane bioreactors mainly rely on the in-situ formed biofilms on support materials to reject fine particles in water. The development of irremovable biofilms on support materials can decrease the cleaning efficiency when removing the unwanted biofilms with low permeability by water flushing. In the present study, the initial formed biofilms on support materials at 5-day solids retention time (SRT) were removable by water flushing. After repeated cleaning with off-line water flushing during operation, however, irremovable biofilms were developed gradually inside the mesh pores and thus, rapid rising in transmembrane pressure occurred in every one to three days. At 20-day SRT, the biofilms formed on support materials with the same operation time were still removable. Therefore, both low SRT and repeated water flushing promoted the formation of irremovable biofilms on support materials. Further study found that the composition and microbial community between the irremovable and removable biofilms were significantly different, which differentiated the biofilm adhesion and removability. The irremovable biofilms had a greater faction of proteins (49.0%) and beta-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (17.8%) in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), while the removable biofilms had a greater fraction of alpha-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides. After repeated cleaning with off-line water flushing during operation, Nitrospiraceae was selectively enriched in the irremovable biofilms at a relative abundance of 39.1%, which could have resulted in the particular EPS matrix that strengthened the biofilm adhesion. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Dynamic membrane bioreactors rely on in-situ formed biofilms on support materials to reject fine particles in water. With low SRT and repeated water flushing, irremovable biofilms gradually form on support materials, leading to rapid rising in transmembrane pressure. The composition and microbial community between irremovable and removable biofilms differ significantly, affecting biofilm adhesion and removability.