Determination of 18 bisphenols in aqueous and biomass phase of high rate algal ponds: Development, validation and application

High rate algal ponds (HRAP) are an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment with the potential for wastewater and biomass reuse. In this study, we report the development and validation of methods for analysing 18 bisphenols (BPs) in the aqueous and biomass phase of HRAP. For aqueous phase samples, obtained LLOQ ranged from 10 to 30 ng/L, and recoveries from 78% to 106%. The relative expanded uncertainty was highest at the lowest spiking level (100 ng/L) and ranged from 27% to 66% (BPA), while for the biomass, the LLOQ ranged from 25 to 75 ng/g dw, recoveries from 84% to 103%. The uncertainty ranged from 16% to 37% (BPA). On average, the influent contained 329, 144, and 21 ng/L of BPA, BPS and 4,40-BPF, and the effluent 69 ng/L, 94 ng/L and

Automated summary

High rate algal ponds (HRAP) offer a potential alternative for wastewater treatment and biomass reuse. This study developed and validated methods for analyzing 18 bisphenols (BPs) in HRAP, with satisfactory performance in terms of detection limits and recoveries in both aqueous and biomass samples.