Large electrostrain and high energy-storage of (1-x)[0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3]-xBa(Sn0.70Nb0.24)O3 lead-free ceramics

(1-x)[0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06BaTiO(3)]-xBa(Sn0.70Nb0.24)O-3 (abbreviated as BNTBT-100xBSN) lead-free ceramics were fabricated with a relative density greater than 96 %, and the structure as well as performance were tested. BNTBT-100xBSN ceramics are pseudo-cubic pemvskite structure, with dense surface morphology. Doping BSN can effectively reduce the dielectric loss of ceramics and increase the relaxation properties to a certain extent. The randomly distributed ferroelectric phase was replaced by polar nano regions, thereby improving the electro-strain and energy storage performance of the system. The largest electro-strain and the corresponding normalized strain (d(33)*) reach similar to 0.43 % and 633 pm/V respectively in the BNTBT-1BSN ceramic. The largest effective energy storage density reaching similar to 1.28 J/cm(3) was tested in BNTBT-2BSN. BNTBT-100xBSN ceramics provide a feasible idea for the systematic research of lead-free ferroelectrics and improvements in electro-strain and energy storage applications.

Automated summary

Lead-free (1-x)[0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06BaTiO(3)]-xBa(Sn0.70Nb0.24)O-3 (abbreviated as BNTBT-100xBSN) ceramics with a relative density greater than 96% exhibit a pseudo-cubic perovskite structure and dense surface morphology. Doping BSN effectively reduces dielectric loss and improves relaxation properties. The replacement of randomly distributed ferroelectric phase with polar nano regions enhances the electro-strain and energy storage performance of the system.