Agro-Waste Generated Pd/CAP-Ash Catalyzed Ligand-Free Approach for Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction

We converted agro-waste Custard Apple Peels (CAP) to ash via thermal treatment, on which Pd(OAc)2 was immobilized easily that produced a low-cost, highly efficient Pd/CAP-ash catalyst. The prepared catalyst was fully characterized by using FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRF, DSC-TGA, BET, HR-TEM, and XPS techniques. The Pd/CAP-ash catalyst was conveniently applied for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction under external base free and ligand-free conditions in an aqueous-organic solvent to produce biphenyls in good to excellent yields. The main attraction of our protocol an application of palladium-supported agro-waste material which is easily recoverable and recyclable provides mono and bis-coupled derivatives in a short reaction time. [GRAPHICS] .

Automated summary

The study converted agro-waste into ash and immobilized Pd(OAc)2 to prepare Pd/CAP-ash catalyst, which was then applied to Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction producing biphenyls in good yields. The key advantage of this research lies in the use of recyclable agricultural waste materials for efficient catalysis.