期刊
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
卷 102, 期 8, 页码 E1597-E1620出版社
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0030.1
关键词
Convective clouds; Precipitation; Storm environments; In situ atmospheric observations; Remote sensing; Aerosolcloud interaction; Aerosols/particulates; Aircraft observations; Boundary layer; Clouds; Complex terrain; Convective storms; Convective-scale processes; Cumulus clouds; Deep convection; Diurnal effects; Drizzle; Extreme events; Field experiments; Fog; Hail; Instability; Instrumentation/sensors; Lidars/Lidar observations; Longwave radiation; Measurements; Mesoscale processes; Mesoscale systems; Microwave observations; Mountain meteorology; Orographic effects; Profilers; atmospheric; Radars/Radar observations; Radiative fluxes; Radiosonde/rawinsonde observations; Rainfall; Satellite observations; Severe storms; Shortwave radiation; Soil moisture; Soil temperature; Soundings; South America; Southern Hemisphere; Stratiform clouds; Subseasonal variability; Supercells; Surface fluxes; Surface observations; Thunderstorms; Topographic effects; Valley/mountain flows; Wind profilers; Wind shear
资金
- U.S. DOE ARM program
- NSF
- NCAR EOL
- University of Buenos Aires
- University of Illinois
- CSU
- University of Washington
- U.S. DOE Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Atmospheric System Research program
- NSF [AGS-1661662,, AGS-1661799, AGS-1661707]
- U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]
The CACTI field campaign aimed to improve understanding of orographic cloud life cycles in relation to surrounding atmospheric thermodynamic, flow, and aerosol conditions. Conducted in the Sierras de Cordoba range in north-central Argentina, the campaign collected comprehensive datasets, providing new opportunities to study orographic cloud evolution and interactions with meteorological conditions, aerosols, surface conditions, and radiation in mountainous terrain.
The Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign was designed to improve understanding of orographic cloud life cycles in relation to surrounding atmospheric thermodynamic, flow, and aerosol conditions. The deployment to the Sierras de Cordoba range in north-central Argentina was chosen because of very frequent cumulus congestus, deep convection initiation, and mesoscale convective organization uniquely observable from a fixed site. The C-band Scanning Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Precipitation Radar was deployed for the first time with over 50 ARM Mobile Facility atmospheric state, surface, aerosol, radiation, cloud, and precipitation instruments between October 2018 and April 2019. An intensive observing period (IOP) coincident with the RELAMPAGO field campaign was held between 1 November and 15 December during which 22 flights were performed by the ARM Gulfstream-1 aircraft. A multitude of atmospheric processes and cloud conditions were observed over the 7-month campaign, including numerous orographic cumulus and stratocumulus events; new particle formation and growth producing high aerosol concentrations; drizzle formation in fog and shallow liquid clouds; very low aerosol conditions following wet deposition in heavy rainfall; initiation of ice in congestus clouds across a range of temperatures; extreme deep convection reaching 21-km altitudes; and organization of intense, hail-containing supercells and mesoscale convective systems. These comprehensive datasets include many of the first ever collected in this region and provide new opportunities to study orographic cloud evolution and interactions with meteorological conditions, aerosols, surface conditions, and radiation in mountainous terrain.
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