Effect of CES1 genetic variation on enalapril steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy subjects

Aims Enalapril is a prodrug and needs to be activated by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1). A previous in vitro study demonstrated the CES1 genetic variant, G143E (rs71647871), significantly impaired enalapril activation. Two previous clinical studies examined the impact of G143E on single-dose enalapril PK (10 mg); however, the results were inconclusive. A prospective, multi-dose, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) study was conducted to determine the impact of the CES1 G143E variant on enalapril steady-state PK and PD in healthy volunteers. Methods Study participants were stratified to G143E non-carriers (n = 15) and G143E carriers (n = 6). All the carriers were G143E heterozygotes. Study subjects received enalapril 10 mg daily for seven consecutive days prior to a 72 hour PK/PD study. Plasma concentrations of enalapril and its active metabolite enalaprilat were quantified by an established liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Results The CES1 G143E carriers had 30.9% lower enalaprilat C-max (P = 0.03) compared to the non-carriers (38.01 vs. 55.01 ng/mL). The carrier group had 27.5% lower AUC(0-infinity) (P = 0.02) of plasma enalaprilat compared to the non-carriers (374.29 vs. 515.91 ng*h/mL). The carriers also had a 32.3% lower enalaprilat-to-enalapril AUC(0-infinity) ratio (P = 0.003) relative to the non-carriers. The average maximum reduction of systolic blood pressure in the non-carrier group was approximately 12.4% at the end of the study compared to the baseline (P = 0.001). No statistically significant blood pressure reduction was observed in the G143E carriers. Conclusions The CES1 loss-of-function G143E variant significantly impaired enalapril activation and its systolic blood pressure-lowering effect in healthy volunteers.

Automated summary

The CES1 loss-of-function G143E variant significantly impaired enalapril activation and its systolic blood pressure-lowering effect in healthy volunteers, as demonstrated in a prospective multi-dose PK/PD study.