4.7 Article

A Bayesian optimization approach for rapidly mapping residual network function in stroke

期刊

BRAIN
卷 144, 期 -, 页码 2120-2134

出版社

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab109

关键词

chronic stroke; cognition; functional neuroimaging; closed-loop; machine learning

资金

  1. EPSRC [P70597]
  2. Wellcome Trust [209139/Z/17/Z]
  3. Medical Research Council [MR/R005370/1]
  4. Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering [WT 203148/Z/16/Z]
  5. Data to Early Diagnosis and Precision Medicine Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)
  6. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
  7. Imperial College London fellowship
  8. NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility
  9. MRC [MR/R005370/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  10. Wellcome Trust [209139/Z/17/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Post-stroke cognitive and linguistic impairments are debilitating conditions, with limited therapeutic options. Domain-general brain networks play an important role in stroke recovery and characterizing their residual function with functional MRI has the potential to yield biomarkers capable of guiding patient-specific rehabilitation. However, traditional approaches are unsustainable due to the great heterogeneity among stroke patients. Our study highlights the importance of moving beyond traditional 'one-size-fits-all' approaches and shows the feasibility and reliability of rapidly mapping out patient-specific residual network activity profiles using neuroadaptive Bayesian optimization.
Post-stroke cognitive and linguistic impairments are debilitating conditions, with limited therapeutic options. Domain-general brain networks play an important role in stroke recovery and characterizing their residual function with functional MRI has the potential to yield biomarkers capable of guiding patient-specific rehabilitation. However, this is challenging as such detailed characterization requires testing patients on multitudes of cognitive tasks in the scanner, rendering experimental sessions unfeasibly lengthy. Thus, the current status quo in clinical neuroimaging research involves testing patients on a very limited number of tasks, in the hope that it will reveal a useful neuroimaging biomarker for the whole cohort. Given the great heterogeneity among stroke patients and the volume of possible tasks this approach is unsustainable. Advancing task-based functional MRI biomarker discovery requires a paradigm shift in order to be able to swiftly characterize residual network activity in individual patients using a diverse range of cognitive tasks. Here, we overcome this problem by leveraging neuroadaptive Bayesian optimization, an approach combining realtime functional MRI with machine-learning, by intelligently searching across many tasks, this approach rapidly maps out patient-specific profiles of residual domain-general network function. We used this technique in a cross-sectional study with 11 left-hemispheric stroke patients with chronic aphasia (four female, age +/- standard deviation: 59 +/- 10.9 years) and 14 healthy, age-matched control subjects (eight female, age +/- standard deviation: 55.6 +/- 6.8 years). To assess intra-subject reliability of the functional profiles obtained, we conducted two independent runs per subject, for which the algorithm was entirely reinitialized. Our results demonstrate that this technique is both feasible and robust, yielding reliable patient-specific functional profiles. Moreover, we show that group-level results are not representative of patient-specific results. Whereas controls have highly similar profiles, patients show idiosyncratic profiles of network abnormalities that are associated with behavioural performance. In summary, our study highlights the importance of moving beyond traditional 'one-size-fits-all' approaches where patients are treated as one group and single tasks are used. Our approach can be extended to diverse brain networks and combined with brain stimulation or other therapeutics, thereby opening new avenues for precision medicine targeting a diverse range of neurological and psychiatric conditions.

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