Aging-associated inflammation and fibrosis in arachnoid membrane

BackgroundThe physiological and pathological significance of the arachnoid membrane (AM) is still unknown. In this study, we investigated various characteristics of the AM, focusing on the influence of inflammation and fibrosis.MethodsSmall pieces of AM sample were obtained during neurosurgical procedures from 74 cases. The clinical and pathological characteristics of the hyperplastic AM group (>= 50 mu m) and the non-hyperplastic AM group (<50m) were compared. Then, potential correlations between AM thickness and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Moreover, VEGF alpha, TGF beta, and TGF alpha levels were quantitated by real time PCR. Then, the potential correlations between AM thickness and these inflammatory or anti-inflammatory markers, and the influence of the original disease were calculated.ResultsThe median age of the patients in hyperplastic AM group was significantly older than that of the non-hyperplastic AM group. Moreover, the number of fibroblasts, CD68(+) cells, CD86(+) cells, and CD206(+) cells in the hyperplastic AM group was significantly higher than that in the non-hyperplastic AM group. The AM thickness was significantly correlated to age and number of fibroblasts, CD68(+) cells, CD86(+) cells, and CD206(+) cells. The thickness of the AM was significantly correlated to the messenger RNA expression levels of VEGF alpha (rho =0.337), and the VEGF alpha expression levels were significantly correlated with TGF beta and TNF alpha .ConclusionsThe AM hyperplasia was influenced by aging and could be a result of inflammation and fibrosis through cytokine secretion from the inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in the AM.

Automated summary

The study investigated the significance of the arachnoid membrane (AM) in physiological and pathological conditions, focusing on the influence of inflammation and fibrosis. It was found that AM hyperplasia is influenced by aging and may be a result of inflammation and fibrosis through cytokine secretion from the inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in the AM. Additionally, the thickness of the AM was significantly correlated with the expression levels of inflammatory markers like VEGF alpha, TGF beta, and TNF alpha.